{"id":884,"date":"2017-11-01T13:35:28","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T17:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/?p=884"},"modified":"2017-11-01T13:35:28","modified_gmt":"2017-11-01T17:35:28","slug":"books-of-the-dead","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/books-of-the-dead\/","title":{"rendered":"Books of the Dead"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]&#8221;The Weighing of the Heart,&#8221; one of 192 spells, incantations, and rituals that make up\u00a0<em>The Book of the Dead<\/em>, describes how the heart of a deceased will be set into a tray on one side of a large scale. In the other tray, a feather from Ma\u2019at, goddess of truth. <span class=\"s1\">If the heart balances the feather of truth, the dead may continue their journey into the afterlife. If the heart outweighs the feather, Ammat the devourer\u2014a crocodile-headed creature with a cat\u2019s body and hippopotamus hindquarters\u2014will snatch the human heart from the scale and gobble it down. <\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>The Book of Emerging Forth into the Light<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">The earliest surviving Book of the Dead\u2014a series of hieroglyphs that label a king\u2019s tomb\u2014dates to 3150 BCE. Over the next 1500 years, pyramid texts, then coffin texts, were carved and painted onto walls and tombs. In 1550 BCE, the first papyrus Books of the Dead were produced, new iterations in various versions appearing until the second century CE.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-890\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sheet_from_a_Book_of_the_Dead_ca._1075-945_B.C.E._37.1699E.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"289\" height=\"142\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s3\">Flash forward to 1798 when Napoleon invaded Egypt and <\/span><span class=\"s4\">a roll of papyrus painted with inscrutable hieroglyphs was handed to\u00a0<span class=\"s3\">Vivant Denon, <\/span>first Director of the\u00a0Louvre museum in Paris. The grave-robbers who&#8217;d found\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s2\">the papyrus scrolls called them the \u201cbook of the dead men\u201d or the \u201cbook of the dead\u201d because they clearly belonged to the mummies they&#8217;d been buried beside. The title did not refer to the content because no one could read them at the time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">It took 25 years to break the code, and soon after, Karl Richard Lepsius published a translation, calling it <em>das Todtembuck<\/em>, or <em>The\u00a0Book of the Dead <\/em>even though\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s2\">the running head in the margin referred to the text as &#8220;<i>Emerging Forth into the Light<\/i>.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>One Deben of Silver<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti.jpg\" rel=\"wpdevart_lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-894 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti-283x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti-283x300.jpg 283w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti-768x813.jpg 768w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti-967x1024.jpg 967w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti-600x635.jpg 600w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/FalsedoorsteleofMeryChiefscribeofSaqqararoyalarchives.DetailMeryasscribeLouvre1C-G.DagliOrti.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a>The Book of the Dead is<\/span><span class=\"s4\">\u00a0a book only in the sense that a collection of matchsticks is a book of matches. <\/span><span class=\"s2\"> It is a gathering of texts\u2014hymns, prayers, spells, incantations, rituals, magic formulas\u2014written by a series of priests over 1,000 years for the purpose of assisting the dead in their journey through the underworld and into the afterlife. Some 200 versions exist from various periods in ancient Egyptian history, but no single copy contains all 192 texts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">The illustrated papyri were produced by scribes, commissioned in preparation for death, mostly by men. (A rough estimate has 10 books prepared for men, for every book commissioned by a woman.) The scrolls varied in length from 40 meters to 1 meter, but they were expensive: one deben of silver apiece\u2014half of what a laborer would earn in a year. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>All in the Family<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible.jpeg\" rel=\"wpdevart_lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-889 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible-300x238.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible-300x238.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible-768x610.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible-1024x813.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible-600x477.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Family-Bible.jpeg 1094w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The modern version of a book of the dead, perhaps, is the Family Bible\u2014a book <\/span><span class=\"s2\">handed down through the generations that records, not only visions of the Christian afterlife, but all the births, marriages, and deaths of a particular family. Other archival bits and pieces\u2014photographs, letters, and sometimes newspaper cuttings\u2014are often tucked inside. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">40 years ago, deep in a \u201cmystery box\u201d won at auction in Oxfordshire, England, Annamaria Bamji found such a Family Bible, with entries dating to 1774. She brought it with her to Canada, first to Kingston, Ontario, then to Victoria, BC. With the arrival of the Internet she tried tracking down the names, without luck. Then she asked a historian friend, still living in Oxfordshire, if any of them were familiar. <\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u201cOh my goodness, I just met one of them!\u201d he exclaimed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">140 years after the first death was recorded, the Bible found its way back to its family, to a generation that never knew it existed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p12\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">El Dia de los Muertos\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-886 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43-300x222.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"306\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43-768x569.jpg 768w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43-1024x759.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43-600x444.jpg 600w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016-11-02-07.45.43.jpg 1682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629.jpg\" rel=\"wpdevart_lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-898 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629-768x1028.jpg 768w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629-765x1024.jpg 765w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629-600x803.jpg 600w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3456-e1509554344629.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a>In Mexico, on November 2, life itself is the Book of the Dead. Ofrendas are prepared in every household, with photographs of the dear and departed surrounded by marigolds, white candles, glowing copal resin, and sugar reproductions of the favorite foods and drink of the dead.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">On that day, cemeteries are alive with family picnics laid out on the graves of forebears. <\/span><span class=\"s2\">Graveyards, year-round, everywhere, are a kind of three-dimensional book of the dead, an ambient literature of the departed, a book open to every passerby.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p10\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">Digital Eternity<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">In my basement, I have several books of the recently dead: registries of those who\u00a0<\/span>signed their condolences at the wakes and funerals of deceased family members. At the time, it feels like posterity, but I\u2019ve seen condolence books like these in junk shops and thrift stores\u2014too important to throw in the trash; too burdened with unknown names to keep.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">In the digital age, funeral homes offer online registries that allow distant friends and relatives to send condolences and tributes through the Internet. Instead of being consigned to one person\u2019s shelf, these digital &#8220;books&#8221; remain visible for years for anyone to read and remember.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176.jpg\" rel=\"wpdevart_lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-896 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176-768x1028.jpg 768w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176-765x1024.jpg 765w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176-600x803.jpg 600w, https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_3386-e1509554313176.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a>Eventually\u2014maybe not until the lights go out forever, but even so, eventually\u2014these digital books of the dead will vanish into the ether, as did most of their Egyptian counterparts. Museums still hold scraps and shreds of scrolls that give a glimpse of the afterlife as it was conceived five thousand years ago. What record will survive, five thousand years from now, of our beliefs regarding what happens when the body dies? Digital will be dust by then, too. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><span class=\"s2\">Maybe books aren&#8217;t the answer. Maybe cultural traditions will outlast every human attempt to freeze belief into words on a page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1477364431886{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;background-color: #ededed !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-radius: 2px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]&#8221;The Weighing of the Heart,&#8221; one of 192 spells, incantations, and rituals that make up\u00a0The Book of the Dead, describes how the heart of a deceased will be set into a tray on one side of a large scale. In the other tray, a feather from Ma\u2019at, goddess of truth. If the heart balances the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,30],"tags":[150,153,151,152],"class_list":["post-884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-book-history","category-digital-divide","category-future-of-books","tag-book-of-the-dead","tag-day-of-the-dead","tag-family-bible","tag-papyrus-scrolls","invicta_simple_style_entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Books of the Dead - Books UnPacked Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/merilynsimonds.com\/books-unpacked-blog\/books-of-the-dead\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Books of the Dead - Books UnPacked Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]&#8221;The Weighing of the Heart,&#8221; one of 192 spells, incantations, and rituals that make up\u00a0The Book of the Dead, describes how the heart of a deceased will be set into a tray on one side of a large scale. 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